Std 4 English – Complete Lesson Notes & Question Answers

Complete Lesson Summary • Exercise Q&A • Activity Model • Project Model • Extra Q&A

📘 Lesson Summary

Babbling Art is a creative activity in which coloured bubbles make patterns on paper. It combines art, science, observation and colour mixing.

Materials

• A4 paper or drawing sheet
• Bowls or cups
• Liquid soap or bubble solution
• Water
• Food colours or poster colours
• Straws

Basic Process

• Mix a little water and liquid soap.
• Add colour.
• Blow through a straw to make bubbles.
• Place paper gently over the bubbles.
• Let bubbles touch and pop on the paper.
• Repeat with different colours and allow the artwork to dry.

✍️ Exercise Q&A

Q.1 Create your own bubble artwork.

Q.2 Give a welcome speech for an Art and Craft programme.

🧩 Activity Model

My Bubble Garden

• Create bubble flowers.
• Create bubble butterflies.
• Create bubble trees.

After the paper dries, outline suitable shapes carefully with a sketch pen.

Model description: My bubble garden is colourful and joyful. I used different colours to create flowers and butterflies. Some colours mixed and made new shades.

🎨 Project Model

Babbling Art Gallery

1. Each student prepares one bubble artwork.
2. Allow it to dry.
3. Add outlines and a title.
4. Write two sentences describing the picture.
5. Display the pictures as a class gallery.

Conclusion: Bubble art teaches creativity, colour mixing and the joy of experimenting with art.

❓ Extra Q&A

1. What is Babbling Art?

2. What happens when bubbles pop on paper?

3. Which two areas are combined in this activity?

4. Why is each bubble artwork unique?

5. Name two materials required.

6. Why are different colours used?

7. What does the activity teach?

8. Name two patterns seen in nature.

Complete Lesson Summary • Exercise Q&A • Activity Model • Project Model • Extra Q&A

📘 Lesson Summary

Priya, Amar and James live in a village and are friends with a buffalo named Gaju. After heavy rain, they play in muddy surroundings. Gaju dances in the mud and splashes everyone. When the children plan a bath, Gaju hides. Later they sit on what they think is a rock in the river, only to discover it is Gaju. Everyone falls into the water and comes out clean and laughing.

✍️ Exercise Q&A

Q.2 Write the opposites.

Q.3 Fill in the blanks.

Q.4 Identify the action word and the word describing the action.

Q.5 Write the past forms.

Q.6 Rewrite with correct punctuation.

Q.7 Who said “We need to take a bath…” and “Come on Gaju, I will give you a bath”?

Q.8 Answer the following.
(a) Did the children and Gaju need a bath? Why?

(b) Why should we bathe regularly?

(c) Suggest another title.

(d) Tell the story in your own words.

(e) Tell about your favourite animal.

🧩 Activity Model

Charades – Action Words

Students may enact these action words while others identify them:

• Run
• Jump
• Laugh
• Dance
• Sit
• Walk
• Swim
• Clap
• Sleep

🎨 Project Model

My Favourite Animal

Name: Dog

Type: Domestic animal

Qualities: Friendly, loyal and active

• Give suitable food and clean water.
• Keep the shelter clean.
• Treat animals kindly.
• Never tease or hurt them.

❓ Extra Q&A

1. Who were Gaju’s friends?

2. What kind of animal was Gaju?

3. Why was there mud everywhere?

4. What were the children sailing?

5. Why did their clothes become dirty?

6. Where did the children decide to go?

7. What did they think they were sitting on?

8. What was the “rock” really?

9. How did the story end?

Complete Lesson Summary • Exercise Q&A • Activity Model • Project Model • Extra Q&A

📘 Lesson Summary

The lesson follows a little raindrop through the water cycle. It falls from a cloud, gives water to plants and fields, fills wells and rivers, travels to the sea, and later rises again with the Sun’s heat to become part of a cloud.

Why Rain Is Important

• Gives water to trees and flowers.
• Helps seeds and crops grow.
• Fills wells and rivers.
• Supports animals and people.

✍️ Exercise Q&A

Q.2 Write the full forms.

Q.3 Imagine you are a peacock dancing in the rain.

Q.4 Rewrite using correct punctuation.

Q.5 Draw and colour a peacock.

Q.6 Fill in the blanks with pronouns.

Q.7 Prepare simple questions.

🧩 Activity Model

Water Cycle Role Play

Characters: Cloud, Raindrop, Tree, Flower, Farmer, River, Sea and Sun.

Sequence: Cloud → Rain → Land and plants → River → Sea → Sun heats water → Water rises → Cloud.

🎨 Project Model

The Journey of a Raindrop

• Draw clouds and rainfall.
• Show trees, land and a river.
• Show the sea and the Sun.
• Show water rising and clouds forming again.

Write: The continuous movement of water from clouds to Earth and back to the sky is called the water cycle.

Message: Save Water – Every Drop Matters.

❓ Extra Q&A

1. From where does the raindrop begin its journey?

2. How does rain help trees?

3. How does rain help farmers?

4. Where does river water finally go?

5. What helps water rise again?

6. What is the water cycle?

7. Why is rain important?

8. What should we do with water?

Complete Lesson Summary • Exercise Q&A • Activity Model • Project Model • Extra Q&A

📘 Lesson Summary

This lesson teaches students to understand and follow a simple recipe in the correct sequence. The recipe is a banana milkshake.

Key Words

• Ripe – fully grown and ready to eat.
• Blend – mix smoothly using a blender.
• Refreshed – feeling fresh and energetic.

Safety note: children should use electrical kitchen appliances only with a responsible adult.

✍️ Exercise Q&A

Q.1 Banana milkshake procedure.

Q.2 Write 3–4 sentences about your favourite drink.

🧩 Activity Model

Recipe Sequence Cards

• FIRST – Peel and cut the banana.
• NEXT – Put the banana in the blender.
• THEN – Add milk and a suitable sweetener.
• FINALLY – Blend with adult supervision and serve.

🎨 Project Model

My Recipe Card

Recipe: Fruit Milkshake

Ingredients: Banana, milk and optional honey.

1. Wash hands.
2. Prepare the ingredients.
3. Ask an adult for help with the blender.
4. Blend safely.
5. Serve fresh.

Safety Rule: Always use kitchen appliances under adult supervision.

❓ Extra Q&A

1. Which fruit is used in the lesson?

2. What does “ripe” mean?

3. What does “blend” mean?

4. What does “refreshed” mean?

5. Why are sequence words useful?

6. Name two sequence words.

7. Which appliance is used?

8. Why is adult supervision necessary?

Complete Lesson Summary • Exercise Q&A • Activity Model • Project Model • Extra Q&A

📘 Lesson Summary

The poem presents a colourful butterfly moving gracefully in the sunshine. The speaker admires it and wishes to catch it, but the butterfly flies away freely. The lesson also introduces the butterfly life cycle and its role in pollination.

Butterfly Facts

• A butterfly begins life as an egg.
• The caterpillar later changes through the pupa stage into a butterfly.
• This transformation is called metamorphosis.
• Butterflies drink nectar from flowers.
• They help in pollination by carrying pollen.

✍️ Exercise Q&A

Q.2 Find the meanings.

Q.3 Write rhyming pairs.

Q.4 Describe the butterfly picture.

Q.5 Write true / false.
(a) The butterfly had purple and gold wings.

(b) The poet caught the butterfly.

Q.6 Arrange the events.

Q.7 Why should we not harm butterflies or animals?

Q.8 If I were a butterfly…

Q.10 Invitation to a butterfly garden.

Q.11 Hidden words from BUTTERFLY.

Q.12 Make sentences.

🧩 Activity Model

Butterfly Life Cycle

Egg → Caterpillar → Pupa → Butterfly

Write: This transformation is called metamorphosis.

🎨 Project Model

My Butterfly Life Cycle Chart

• Draw and label Egg.
• Draw and label Caterpillar.
• Draw and label Pupa.
• Draw and label Adult Butterfly.

Food: Nectar from flowers.

Importance: Butterflies help in pollination.

Message: Let Butterflies Fly Free.

❓ Extra Q&A

1. What did the speaker see?

2. What colours are mentioned for its wings?

3. Where was it flying?

4. Did the speaker catch it?

5. What is metamorphosis?

6. What do butterflies drink?

7. How do butterflies help flowers?

8. Why should butterflies be protected?

Complete Lesson Summary • Exercise Q&A • Activity Model • Project Model • Extra Q&A

📘 Lesson Summary

This humorous skit teaches cleanliness. A child throws waste on the floor. The waste and the dustbin help the child realise that rubbish belongs in a dustbin. The child corrects the mistake and learns responsibility.

✍️ Exercise Q&A

Q.2 Identify the speaker “Who said this?”
(a) Who said “Oh no! I fell down!”?

(b) Who said “Oh! I made a mistake.”?

(c) Who said “Yes, I eat waste every day!”?

Q.3 Classify good and bad habits.

Q.4 Change the ending of the skit.

Q.5 How do you keep your school clean?

Q.6 Create something best out of waste.

🧩 Activity Model

Good Habits Poster

• Use the dustbin.
• Wash your hands.
• Brush your teeth.
• Read every day.
• Water plants.
• Keep your classroom clean.

🎨 Project Model

Best Out of Waste – Pencil Holder

Materials: clean empty cardboard box, used decorative paper, glue and colours.

1. Clean the box.
2. Cover it with reused paper.
3. Decorate it.
4. Use it to store pencils.

Message: Reuse Waste – Keep Earth Clean.

❓ Extra Q&A

1. What did the child throw on the floor?

2. Why was the dustbin unhappy?

3. What did the child realise?

4. What should we use for rubbish?

5. Why should surroundings be clean?

6. Give two good habits.

7. Give two bad habits.

8. What is the main message?

Complete Lesson Summary • Exercise Q&A • Activity Model • Project Model • Extra Q&A

📘 Lesson Summary

The lesson teaches how to welcome guests at a school programme. A good welcome speech should be polite, clear and warm.

Parts of a Welcome Speech

• Greet the audience.
• Mention the occasion.
• Welcome the chief guest, Principal, teachers, parents and students.
• Appreciate participants and organisers.
• Invite everyone to enjoy the programme.
• End politely.

✍️ Exercise Q&A

Q.2 Write the contracted forms.

Q.3 Write a short speech for an occasion.

Q.4 Fun time.
(a) Why did the teacher need sunglasses?

(b) Why was the pencil proud?

(c) Why did the bicycle fall?

🧩 Activity Model

Prepare a Welcome Speech

Choose an occasion such as Independence Day, Republic Day, Teachers’ Day, Sports Day or Annual Gathering.

Follow this order: Greeting → Occasion → Welcome Guests → Thank Participants → Begin Programme.

🎨 Project Model

My Speech Book

• Teachers’ Day speech
• Sports Day speech
• Republic Day speech
• Annual Gathering speech

For each speech include a heading, greeting, main message and thank-you line.

❓ Extra Q&A

1. What is a welcome speech?

2. Who may be welcomed at a school gathering?

3. Why is teamwork important for a programme?

4. How should a speaker begin?

5. How should a welcome speech end?

6. What is the contraction of “I am”?

7. What is the contraction of “We have”?

8. What quality should a speaker show?

Complete Lesson Summary • Exercise Q&A • Activity Model • Project Model • Extra Q&A

📘 Lesson Summary

Sam is curious about what his mother is preparing for dinner. He helps by bringing vegetables and bread, but she keeps the dish a surprise. Finally, Sam discovers that she has prepared soup, one of his favourite foods.

✍️ Exercise Q&A

Q.2 Describe the fruits and vegetables.

Q.3 First-letter puzzle.

Q.4 Pronunciation activity.

Q.6 Replace the repeated noun with a pronoun.

Q.7 Write a short story.

🧩 Activity Model

Fruit and Vegetable Description Game

Choose one fruit or vegetable and describe its colour, shape, taste and one dish made from it.

Example – Mango: Yellow, oval, sweet and juicy. Mango can be used to make juice.

🎨 Project Model

Healthy Vegetable Soup Chart

Possible ingredients: tomato, potato, onion, coriander and other suitable vegetables.

Write: Vegetables provide important nutrients and are an important part of healthy meals.

Safety: Cooking should be done only with adult supervision.

❓ Extra Q&A

1. Who wanted to know what was cooking?

2. Who was preparing dinner?

3. Name two vegetables Sam brought.

4. What colour were the tomatoes?

5. What colour was the coriander?

6. What was finally in the pot?

7. Did Sam like the soup?

8. Why are vegetables important?

Complete Lesson Summary • Exercise Q&A • Activity Model • Project Model • Extra Q&A

📘 Lesson Summary

Riddles are short puzzles that make us think carefully about clues and word meanings. They develop vocabulary, imagination, reasoning and problem-solving skills.

✍️ Exercise Q&A

Riddle 1: Begins and ends with T and has tea inside.

Riddle 2: A word always spelled “wrong”.

Riddle 3: Full of holes but still holds water.

Riddle 4: Has keys but cannot open doors.

Riddle 5: Begins and ends with E and contains one letter.

Riddle 6: Reads the same forward and backward.

Riddle 7: English word with three consecutive double-letter pairs.

Riddle 8: Has one foot but cannot walk.

Riddle 9: The more you take, the more you leave behind.

Riddle 10: Printed clue about thousands of letters.

Riddle 11: Contains words but cannot speak.

Riddle 12: Has cities, rivers and forests but no real houses, water or trees.

Riddle 13: Breaks when its name is spoken.

Riddle 14: Tall when young and short when old.

Riddle 15: Has many teeth but cannot bite.

🧩 Activity Model

Create Your Own Riddles

Riddle: I have pages but I am not a tree. I have stories but I cannot speak. What am I? Answer: A book.

Riddle: I shine at night but I am not a lamp. What am I? Answer: The Moon.

🎨 Project Model

My Riddle Book

Create ten pages. On each page write one riddle, add a drawing and hide the answer under a flap.

Suggested categories: animals, school, nature, food and household objects.

❓ Extra Q&A

1. What is a riddle?

2. Why are riddles useful?

3. What is a palindrome?

4. Give one palindrome.

5. Which object has many teeth but cannot bite?

6. Which object has keys but cannot open a door?

7. What becomes shorter as it grows older?

8. What breaks when we say its name?

Complete Lesson Summary • Exercise Q&A • Activity Model • Project Model • Extra Q&A

📘 Lesson Summary

The poem presents a curious child speaking to the Sun. The Sun brightens the morning, removes darkness, gives light and energy, and helps plants prepare food.

✍️ Exercise Q&A

Q.2 What might happen if the Sun did not appear for a day?

Q.3 Write rhyming words.

Q.4 Read the word families.

Q.5 Suggest a suitable title.

Q.6 Imagine the Sun is talking to you. What would you ask?

Q.7 Answer the following questions in your own words.
(a) What did the child wonder about the rising Sun?

(b) Where does the Sun go at night?

(c) Why is the Sun important for plants and animals?

Q.8 “If I Were the Sun…”

Q.9 Make sentences.

Q.10 Puzzle answers.

🧩 Activity Model

Role Play – Talk to the Sun

One student acts as the Sun. Other students ask questions such as: Why do you shine? How do you help plants? Why do we have day and night?

🎨 Project Model

Importance of the Sun

Make a chart: Sun → Light → Heat → Plants → Food → Life.

Write: The Sun is a major source of light and energy for Earth.

❓ Extra Q&A

1. What does the Sun give us?

2. What does sunlight help plants do?

3. When do we usually see the Sun?

4. What does the Sun remove in the poem?

5. Why is the Sun important?

6. Which vitamin is mentioned in connection with sunlight?

7. What is the child’s main feeling?

8. What does the poem encourage us to appreciate?

Complete Lesson Summary • Exercise Q&A • Activity Model • Project Model • Extra Q&A

📘 Lesson Summary

Siya has a little brown cat named Mini. One day, after returning from school, Siya cannot find Mini. She asks several people and becomes worried and tired. Finally, she finds Mini sitting safely at the doorstep and hugs her happily.

✍️ Exercise Q&A

Q.2 Choose the feeling.
Choose Siya’s feeling when Mini is missing.

Choose Siya’s feeling while searching.

Choose Siya’s feeling after finding Mini.

Q.3 Fill in the blanks.

Q.4 Unscramble.

Q.5 Write describing words for Mini.

Q.6 Find hidden words.

Q.7 Enact the story.

🧩 Activity Model

Feelings Chart

Pet missing – Worried.

Searching for pet – Tired.

Pet found safely – Happy and relieved.

🎨 Project Model

How to Care for a Pet

• Give suitable food.
• Give clean drinking water.
• Keep the pet’s area clean.
• Treat the pet gently.
• Give exercise and attention.
• Ask an adult to arrange veterinary care when needed.

Message: Pets Need Love, Care and Responsibility.

❓ Extra Q&A

1. What was Siya’s pet?

2. What was the cat’s name?

3. What colour was Mini?

4. Where had Siya been before searching?

5. Whom did Siya ask about Mini?

6. How did Siya feel?

7. Where was Mini finally found?

8. What did Siya do after seeing Mini?

Complete Lesson Summary • Exercise Q&A • Activity Model • Project Model • Extra Q&A

📘 Lesson Summary

Raghav, Joy and Sumaiya interview a farmer and learn about agricultural work. The farmer explains crop care, irrigation, farming steps and the importance of patience and hard work.

What Students Learn

• Farmers grow vegetables and other crops.
• Farmers often begin work early.
• Water may come from wells and drip irrigation.
• Farming includes soil preparation, sowing, watering, weeding and harvesting.
• Farmers deserve respect because they work hard to produce food.

✍️ Exercise Q&A

Q.2 Give a reason for each emotion.

Q.3 Name some farming tools.

Q.4 Correct or incorrect?

Q.5 Arrange the farming steps.

Q.6 Rearrange the words.

Q.7 Farming picture dictionary.

Q.8 Farming slogans.

🧩 Activity Model

Interview a Farmer

1. Which crops do you grow?
2. When do you begin your work?
3. How do you water crops?
4. Which tools do you use?
5. Which season is important for farming?
6. What difficulties do farmers face?
7. What message would you give students?

🎨 Project Model

From Seed to Harvest

Prepare Soil → Sow Seeds → Add Manure → Water → Remove Weeds → Harvest → Thresh → Store Grain

Conclusion: Farming requires planning, patience and hard work.

❓ Extra Q&A

1. Who interviewed the farmer?

2. When does the farmer wake up?

3. How are crops watered in the lesson?

4. Which season is important for farming?

5. Is farming always easy?

6. Why does the farmer like farming?

7. What is weeding?

8. What is harvesting?

9. What should we never waste?

10. How should we treat farmers?

Complete Lesson Summary • Exercise Q&A • Activity Model • Project Model • Extra Q&A

📘 Lesson Summary

Charu visits her grandparents’ village during Bail Pola. She sees decorated bulls and learns that farmers honour them for their traditional contribution to agricultural work.

Bail Pola

• Bulls may be decorated with colourful horns, bells, flowers and decorative cloth.
• The festival expresses gratitude for the hard work of farm animals.

✍️ Exercise Q&A

Q.2 Answer the following.
(a) Why are bulls decorated during Bail Pola?

(b) How do bulls help farmers?

(c) How did Charu feel?

Q.3 Write a paragraph thanking bulls.

Q.4 Describe a decorated bull.

Q.5 Name animals that help humans.

Q.6 Discuss.
(a) How is Bail Pola different from many other festivals?

(b) Should we thank animals?

🧩 Activity Model

Draw a Decorated Bull

• Use bright colours for the horns.
• Add flowers and bells.
• Add decorative cloth.

Write: Bail Pola teaches us gratitude towards farm animals.

🎨 Project Model

Festivals That Thank Nature

Prepare a scrapbook on Bail Pola, Makar Sankranti, Narali Pournima, Gudhi Padwa and Holi.

For each festival write: name, when it is celebrated, connection with nature/animals, and the value it teaches.

❓ Extra Q&A

1. Which festival was Charu celebrating?

2. Where was Charu?

3. How were the bulls decorated?

4. Why are bulls thanked?

5. What did Charu learn?

6. What quality does the story teach?

7. How should working animals be treated?

8. Which state festival is discussed?

Complete Lesson Summary • Exercise Q&A • Activity Model • Project Model • Extra Q&A

📘 Lesson Summary

Shekaru is the Indian Giant Squirrel and the state animal of Maharashtra. The lesson describes its forest habitat, colourful body, long tail, powerful claws and tree-dwelling lifestyle.

Key Facts

• Scientific name: Ratufa indica.
• Another name: Malabar Giant Squirrel.
• Lives high in trees and builds globe-shaped nests.
• Its long tail helps it balance while jumping between trees.
• Places mentioned include Bhimashankar Wildlife Sanctuary, Amboli, Radhanagari and Tamhini Ghat.

✍️ Exercise Q&A

Q.2 Find the meanings.

Q.4 Answer the following.
(a) Which department planned the conservation study?

(b) Which two animals are mentioned?

Q.5 Summarize the news in 2–3 sentences.

(a) What does conservation mean?

Q.6 Find similar words.

🧩 Activity Model

Shekaru Fact Card

Name: Shekaru

Scientific Name: Ratufa indica

Type: Tree-dwelling squirrel

State: Maharashtra

Habitat: Forests of the Western Ghats

Special Feature: Long tail used for balance

🎨 Project Model

Save Shekaru Poster

Title: Protect Shekaru – Protect Our Forests

• Draw Shekaru.
• Show trees of the Western Ghats.
• Add habitat information and conservation points.

Message: Wildlife needs healthy forests. Protect forests and protect wildlife.

❓ Extra Q&A

1. What is Shekaru?

2. What is its scientific name?

3. What is another name?

4. Which state has Shekaru as its state animal?

5. Where does it live?

6. How does its tail help?

7. Name one sanctuary associated with Shekaru.

8. What does arboreal mean?

9. Why is conservation important?

10. What is biodiversity?

Complete Lesson Summary • Exercise Q&A • Activity Model • Project Model • Extra Q&A

📘 Lesson Summary

The poem presents a child’s shadow as a playful companion. It follows the child, resembles the child’s shape and changes size at different times.

✍️ Exercise Q&A

Q.2 Find rhyming words.

Q.3 Complete.

Q.4 Answer the following.
(a) Who has a shadow?

(b) Where does the shadow go?

(c) What is funniest about the shadow?

Q.6 Observe your shadow.

Q.7 Write a paragraph about your shadow.

Q.8 Summarise the poem.

Q.9 Frame sentences.

Q.10 If my shadow could talk…

Q.11 Ask your friend about a favourite game.

🧩 Activity Model

Shadow Observation

Observe your shadow in the morning, at noon, in the evening and under an artificial light.

Record time, light source, direction and whether the shadow is long or short.

🎨 Project Model

My Shadow Diary

• Morning Shadow
• Noon Shadow
• Evening Shadow
• Artificial-Light Shadow

For each drawing write the time, light source, direction and approximate size.

❓ Extra Q&A

1. What follows the child?

2. Does the shadow have feet?

3. What does a shadow resemble?

4. Does a shadow always remain the same size?

5. What happens when the child moves?

6. Why is the shadow amusing?

7. What is needed for a shadow?

8. What is the mood of the poem?

Complete Lesson Summary • Exercise Q&A • Activity Model • Project Model • Extra Q&A

📘 Lesson Summary

Vihan and his classmates visit a crayon factory. They wear protective gear and observe the manufacturing process from melting wax to colouring, moulding, cooling, polishing, labelling and packing.

✍️ Exercise Q&A

Q.2 Answer in your own words.
(a) Why were children told to stay together and listen carefully?

(b) Why did they wear caps, masks and safety glasses?

(c) Why is paraffin used?

(d) Why are pigments added?

(e) Why is wax poured into moulds?

(f) Why are some crayons polished?

Q.3 Arrange the manufacturing steps.

Q.4 Find the words.

Q.5 Add “ful” or “less”.

Q.6 Complete the sentences.

Q.7 Factory manager interview questions.

🧩 Activity Model

Crayon-Making Flow Chart

Wax → Melting → Colour Pigments → Moulding → Cooling → Polishing → Wrapping → Packing

🎨 Project Model

How a Crayon Is Made

• Show every stage in sequence.
• Add safety equipment: cap, mask and safety glasses.

Conclusion: Crayon manufacturing requires materials, machines, careful processing and safety.

❓ Extra Q&A

1. Who visited the factory?

2. Who welcomed them?

3. What was melted?

4. What gave crayons colour?

5. What gave crayons their shape?

6. Where did crayons cool?

7. What was wrapped around each crayon?

8. What was the final stage?

9. Why was safety equipment worn?

10. What did students learn?

Complete Lesson Summary • Exercise Q&A • Activity Model • Project Model • Extra Q&A

📘 Lesson Summary

The lesson introduces chess and the achievements of Indian chess player Divya Deshmukh. It also explains how chess develops concentration, memory, patience, planning and decision-making.

Textbook Facts

• Chess is described as originating in India and historically known as Chaturanga.
• Divya Deshmukh was born on 9 December 2005 in Nagpur, Maharashtra.
• The textbook lists major achievements in national and international chess, including the FIDE Women’s World Cup in July 2025 and the Grandmaster title.

✍️ Exercise Q&A

Q.2 How would you welcome Divya Deshmukh?

Q.3 What achievements are mentioned?

Q.4 What message does the lesson give to sportspersons?

Q.5 Short Sports Day speech.

Q.6 Sportsperson collage.

🧩 Activity Model

Chess Skills Chart

• Concentration
• Memory
• Patience
• Decision-making
• Planning

🎨 Project Model

My Favourite Sportsperson

Name: ________

Sport: ________

Birthplace: ________

Major Achievements: ________

Qualities I Admire: ________

What I Learn: ________

❓ Extra Q&A

1. Where did chess originate according to the lesson?

2. What was chess historically called?

3. Name two abilities developed through chess.

4. Where was Divya Deshmukh born?

5. What sport does she play?

6. What does the lesson encourage?

7. Is chess an indoor game?

8. Why can sportspersons inspire students?

Complete Lesson Summary • Exercise Q&A • Activity Model • Project Model • Extra Q&A

📘 Lesson Summary

The lesson teaches informal letter writing through a letter describing an Annual School Gathering. An informal letter is friendly and personal and is usually written to friends or family.

Main Parts of an Informal Letter

• Greeting/Salutation
• Opening enquiry
• Main message
• Closing sentence
• Friendly ending
• Name of sender

✍️ Exercise Q&A

Q. Write a letter inviting your friend to your birthday party.

🧩 Activity Model

Change the Event

Use the same informal letter format for Sports Day, a picnic, a school fair or an art exhibition.

Model opening: Dear Friend, I am writing this letter to tell you about our school picnic. We visited a beautiful place with our teachers and classmates…

🎨 Project Model

My Informal Letter Book

• Birthday Invitation
• School Picnic
• Sports Day
• School Fair

Each letter should contain a greeting, main information, personal feelings, closing and sender name.

❓ Extra Q&A

1. To whom is an informal letter written?

2. What was the sample letter about?

3. How was the school decorated?

4. Name two performances.

5. What did the writer participate in?

6. Who praised the students?

7. What was given to winners?

8. Why should a letter have a closing?

Complete Lesson Summary • Exercise Q&A • Activity Model • Project Model • Extra Q&A

📘 Lesson Summary

This story is about kindness and gratitude. A poor boy who is hungry receives a glass of milk from a kind young woman named Mira. Years later, when Mira becomes seriously ill, the boy—now Dr. Tarun—recognises her and helps with her treatment and hospital bill.

✍️ Exercise Q&A

Q.2 Find the meanings.

Q.3 Write the opposites.

Q.4 Hidden words.

Q.5 Make sentences.

Q.6 Good deeds.

Q.7 Find describing words.

Q.8 Answer the following.
(a) What would you do if your parents gave you ₹100?

(b) Name a person you admire and explain why.

Q.9 Find another story with a similar message.

🧩 Activity Model

My Good Deeds for One Week

Monday – Helped a classmate.

Tuesday – Watered plants.

Wednesday – Helped an elderly family member.

Thursday – Shared study material.

Friday – Kept water for birds.

Saturday – Helped clean the house.

Sunday – Helped a younger child with studies.

Conclusion: Small acts of kindness can make people happy.

🎨 Project Model

Kindness Scrapbook

• One newspaper article about a good deed.
• One story about kindness.
• One drawing.
• Five good deeds students can practise.

Conclusion: Kindness does not always require money or big actions. Even a small helpful act can make a difference.

❓ Extra Q&A

1. Was the boy rich?

2. What work did he do?

3. Why did he ask for help?

4. What did Mira give him?

5. Did Mira ask him to pay?

6. What value did Mira show?

7. What happened to Mira later?

8. Who treated her?

9. Why did Dr. Tarun recognise her?

10. What happened to the hospital bill?

11. What is the main message?

12. What does the story teach about gratitude?

Complete Lesson Summary • Exercise Q&A • Activity Model • Project Model • Extra Q&A

📘 Lesson Summary

The lesson explains the importance of the brain and shows how different body parts help us perform different functions. The brain helps us think, understand, remember, learn, reflect, make decisions and control actions such as walking, talking and writing.

Body Parts and Functions

• Brain – thinking and decision-making.
• Eyes – seeing and blinking.
• Nose – smelling.
• Ears – hearing.
• Mouth – speaking and laughing.
• Legs – walking and jumping.

✍️ Exercise Q&A

Q.1 Listen and sing.

Q.2 Match the following.

Q.3 Write True or False.
(a) I use my brain to think.

(b) I use my nose to blink.

Q.4 Complete the diagram showing functions of the brain.

Q.5 How do you use your brain in daily activities?

Q.6 Share your ideas about copying homework without understanding.

Q.7 Prepare slogans on the brain.

🧩 Activity Model

Slap the Board – Spelling Game

Write one correct and one incorrect spelling on the board. The teacher pronounces the word, and learners identify the correct spelling.

Examples: beautiful/beautifull; school/scool; friend/freind; brain/brane.

🎨 Project Model

My Amazing Brain

• Thinking – I solve problems.
• Remembering – I remember lessons.
• Learning – I learn new things.
• Decision-making – I choose what is right.
• Movement – My brain helps control walking, writing and speaking.

Conclusion: The brain is an important organ that helps us think, learn, remember and perform daily activities.

❓ Extra Q&A

1. Which organ helps us think?

2. Which organ helps us smell?

3. Which organs help us see?

4. Which organs help us hear?

5. How does the brain help students?

6. Why should we think before making a decision?

7. Is copying work the same as learning?

8. What is the main message?

Complete Lesson Summary • Exercise Q&A • Activity Model • Project Model • Extra Q&A

📘 Lesson Summary

This lesson teaches students to understand and follow a recipe for sweet kheer. It also develops sequencing, food vocabulary, conversation skills and awareness of healthy food choices.

Important Cooking Words

• Soak – keep something in water for some time.
• Stir – mix slowly using a spoon.
• Pinch – a very small amount held between two fingers.
• Thick – heavy and not flowing easily.

Safety note: preparation involving hot milk, a stove or hot utensils must be done by a responsible adult. Students may observe or assist only in age-appropriate ways.

✍️ Exercise Q&A

Q.1 What ingredients are used for kheer?

Q.2 What things are needed?

Q.3 Write the sequence for preparing kheer.

Q.4 Write a customer–waiter conversation.

Q.5 Prepare a short speech on Healthy and Unhealthy Foods.

Q.6 House of Words – answers.

🧩 Activity Model

Recipe Sequencing

• FIRST – Wash and soak the rice.
• NEXT – Boil the milk.
• THEN – Add rice and stir.
• AFTER THAT – Add sugar and dry fruits.
• FINALLY – Cook until thick and serve with adult supervision.

🎨 Project Model

My Healthy Recipe Book

Include three simple recipes such as Fruit Salad, Vegetable Sandwich and Kheer.

For each recipe write the name, ingredients, things required, step-by-step method and a safety rule.

Conclusion: Following a recipe carefully teaches sequencing, cleanliness and responsible food preparation.

❓ Extra Q&A

1. What does “soak” mean?

2. What does “stir” mean?

3. What is a pinch?

4. What gives kheer a sweet taste?

5. What gives it flavour?

6. Why is sequencing important?

7. Why is adult supervision needed?

8. What main skill does the lesson teach?

Complete Lesson Summary • Exercise Q&A • Activity Model • Project Model • Extra Q&A

📘 Lesson Summary

Isha meets Harpreet while travelling with family. They introduce themselves and talk about their homes, family members, parents’ occupations and how much they enjoy travelling with family.

Key Details

• Harpreet lives in Nanded and is travelling with his grandparents.
• Isha lives in Pune and is travelling with her parents.
• Harpreet’s father is a shopkeeper.
• Isha’s father is a teacher and her mother is a homemaker.

✍️ Exercise Q&A

Q.2 Read the sentence and circle the correct answer.
(a) Harpreet is travelling with his ______.

(b) Isha lives in ______.

(c) Harpreet’s father is a ______.

Q.3 Write a few sentences about your family.

Q.4 Replace the underlined words and make new sentences.

Q.6 Give proper punctuation to the Mufasa paragraph.

🧩 Activity Model

Family Conversation and Ball Game

Question: Where do you live? Answer: I live in ______.

Question: How many members are there in your family? Answer: There are ______ members.

Question: What does your mother/father do? Answer: My mother/father is a ______.

Ball Game: learners stand in a circle, ask occupation questions and pass the ball.

🎨 Project Model

My Family Tree

Arrange photographs or drawings of Grandfather, Grandmother, Father, Mother, Me, Brother and Sister.

Write: My family loves and supports me. Every family member has an important place in my life.

❓ Extra Q&A

1. Who met during the journey?

2. Where does Harpreet live?

3. Where does Isha live?

4. Who was Harpreet travelling with?

5. What is Harpreet’s father’s occupation?

6. What is Isha’s father’s occupation?

7. Why does Isha enjoy travelling?

8. What is the main message?

Complete Lesson Summary • Exercise Q&A • Activity Model • Project Model • Extra Q&A

📘 Lesson Summary

In this imaginative story, the Sun decides to take a holiday. Its absence causes darkness and difficulty for farmers, birds, plants and even a cricket match. The Sun sees the confusion, realises the importance of its duty, and returns to the sky.

✍️ Exercise Q&A

Q.2 Fill in the blanks.

Q.3 Who said this?
(a) Who said “Holiday cancelled!”?

(b) Who said “I too deserve a holiday!”?

Q.4 Find the opposites.

Q.5 Find rhyming words – model.

Q.6 Write true or false.
(a) Farmers could work easily without the Sun.

(b) Plants need sunlight to grow.

(c) The Sun came back quickly.

Q.7 Find the nouns in “The Sun watched the world from the sky.”

Q.8 Answer the following questions.
(a) Why did the birds return home?

(b) Why did the cricket match stop?

(c) Why did the Sun cancel its holiday?

Q.9 Write one responsibility at home and school.

Q.10 Puzzle – model answers.

🧩 Activity Model

My Responsibilities

• Home – Keep my room tidy, help my family, save water.
• School – Complete classwork, follow rules, keep the classroom clean.
• Environment – Protect plants and do not litter.

🎨 Project Model

Why the Sun Is Important

Make a chart: Sun → Light → Plants → Food → People and Animals.

Also show warmth, daylight and plant growth.

Conclusion: The Sun plays an important role in life on Earth.

❓ Extra Q&A

1. Why did the Sun want a holiday?

2. What happened to farmers?

3. What happened to plants?

4. What happened at the cricket match?

5. What did the Sun realise?

6. What did the Sun finally do?

7. What is the moral?

8. What value does the story teach?

Complete Lesson Summary • Exercise Q&A • Activity Model • Project Model • Extra Q&A

📘 Lesson Summary

The lesson introduces two reference tools: the Dictionary and the Encyclopaedia. Students learn which source to use for word information and which to use for broader facts.

Dictionary

• Helps find meanings.
• Gives spellings.
• Shows usage.
• Helps with pronunciation.
• Words are arranged alphabetically.

Encyclopaedia

• Gives facts and information about animals, places, science, people, objects and many other subjects.

✍️ Exercise Q&A

Q.2 Answer the following.
(a) What does a dictionary help us find?

(b) What does an encyclopaedia give us?

Q.3 Match the following.

Q.4 Read the sentence and choose the correct book.
(a) Which book would you use for the meaning of “honest”?

(b) Which book would you use for information about elephants?

(c) Which book would you use for the spelling of “beautiful”?

Q.5 Make word registers.

Q.6 Fill in the blanks.

🧩 Activity Model

Reference Book Challenge

Dictionary task: Find the word “utensil” and write its meaning.

Encyclopaedia task: Find a topic such as “elephant” and write two or three facts using the reference source provided in class.

🎨 Project Model

My Word Register

• Kitchen – spoon, plate, bowl, stove.
• School – pencil, notebook, ruler, desk.
• Electrical Gadgets – fan, computer, television, refrigerator.
• Garden – tree, flower, grass, soil.

For five unfamiliar words, write the meaning, spelling, pronunciation and one sentence.

❓ Extra Q&A

1. What is a dictionary?

2. What is an encyclopaedia?

3. Where would you find a spelling?

4. Where would you find detailed facts about an animal?

5. What is a utensil?

6. What is a refrigerator?

7. How are dictionary words arranged?

8. What is the main message?

Complete Lesson Summary • Exercise Q&A • Activity Model • Project Model • Extra Q&A

📘 Lesson Summary

The poem describes a loving grandmother as gentle, kind and caring. She teaches values, tells stories, speaks warmly, comforts the child and shares family love and memories.

✍️ Exercise Q&A

Q.2 Circle the words that describe grandmother.

Q.3 What does a grandmother tell the children?

Q.4 Match the following.

Q.5 Why do you love and respect your grandmother?

Q.6 Find ideas showing grandmother’s care.

Q.7 How is a grandmother different from a teacher or friend?

Q.8 Are grandparents important in a family? Why?

Q.9 Create a Thank-You card.

Q.10 Write a thanksgiving speech.

Q.12 Write a paragraph on My Grandparents.

🧩 Activity Model

Grandmother Word Web

Write around the word GRANDMOTHER: Love, Care, Stories, Kindness, Help, Memories, Smile and Family.

🎨 Project Model

Grandparents Memory Page

• Photograph or drawing.
• Name.
• Favourite story they tell.
• One thing they taught you.
• One activity you enjoy together.
• A thank-you message.

Conclusion: Grandparents connect us with family memories, values and experiences.

❓ Extra Q&A

1. How is the grandmother described?

2. What does she teach?

3. What does she tell the child?

4. What does she do when the child is sad?

5. Why are grandparents valuable?

6. How can children help grandparents?

7. What should we show grandparents?

8. What is the main message?

Complete Lesson Summary • Exercise Q&A • Activity Model • Project Model • Extra Q&A

📘 Lesson Summary

The lesson tells the true story of Dr. Prakash Amte and Dr. Mandakini Amte. Inspired by Baba Amte, they chose to serve people in the forest region of Bhamragad/Hemalkasa, where the Madia-Gond community had little access to doctors.

How Trust Grew

• At first, local people were frightened because the doctors were strangers.
• The doctors remained patient for a long time.
• Gradually, people began bringing sick family members for treatment.
• A hospital was built at Hemalkasa.
• A school was later established for children.
• A safe place for orphaned wild animals was also created.

✍️ Exercise Q&A

Q.2 Guess the meanings.

Q.3 Fill in the blanks.

Q.4 Write true or false.
(a) There were many doctors in Bhamragad.

(b) The tribal people trusted the doctors immediately.

Q.5 Answer in one word.
(a) Who was Prakash’s father?

(b) In which state is Bhamragad?

(c) Which tribe lived there?

Q.6 Speak about “A good doctor helps everyone.”

Q.7 Complete the paragraph.

Q.8 Discuss health service in rural and remote areas.

Q.9 Complete the sentence.

🧩 Activity Model

Qualities of the Two Doctors

• Brave
• Patient
• Helpful
• Dedicated
• Caring
• Hard-working

🎨 Project Model

People Who Serve Society

Choose one social worker, doctor, teacher or community helper.

• Name
• Type of service
• People helped
• Important qualities
• What I learn from the person

Conclusion: Serving others with kindness and dedication can improve society.

❓ Extra Q&A

1. Who were the two doctors?

2. Who was Prakash’s father?

3. Where did the doctors work?

4. Which community lived there?

5. Why were people initially afraid?

6. How did the doctors gain trust?

7. What was built at Hemalkasa?

8. What value does the lesson teach?

Complete Lesson Summary • Exercise Q&A • Activity Model • Project Model • Extra Q&A

📘 Lesson Summary

Mandar’s village faces water scarcity. People walk long distances to collect water from tankers. Many trees had been cut for new buildings, the riverbed became smaller and the soil became dry and cracked. Mandar sees his teacher planting saplings and dreams of making the village green again.

✍️ Exercise Q&A

Q.2 Think and write.
(a) Why do villagers walk a long distance to collect water?

(b) What caused the riverbed to become smaller?

(c) What does “They will care for us tomorrow” mean?

(d) Describe “My Dream Village”.

🧩 Activity Model

Tree Plantation Plan

Plant: a suitable native/local sapling.

Place: school or community area with adult permission.

• Water regularly.
• Protect from damage.
• Observe growth.
• Keep the surroundings clean.

Observation: record height, new leaves and general condition each week.

🎨 Project Model

My Green Village

• Trees
• Clean river
• Rainwater harvesting
• Water storage
• Green fields
• Clean roads
• People planting saplings

Slogan: Plant Today – Protect Tomorrow.

Conclusion: A green village needs trees, clean water, responsible development and community participation.

❓ Extra Q&A

1. Who is the main child?

2. What problem does his village face?

3. How do villagers obtain water?

4. What had happened to many trees?

5. What did the teacher plant?

6. What did Mandar and classmates decide to do?

7. What is Mandar’s dream?

8. What is the main message?

Complete Lesson Summary • Exercise Q&A • Activity Model • Project Model • Extra Q&A

📘 Lesson Summary

Grade IV students want to practise on the playground after school for an inter-school sports competition. Their teachers use the real situation to teach formal letter writing. The students write to the Principal, receive permission, practise regularly and later win first prize.

Parts of a Formal Letter

• Sender’s address
• Date
• Receiver’s address
• Subject
• Salutation
• Body of the letter
• Polite closing
• Sender’s name/signature

✍️ Exercise Q&A

Q.2 Compare informal and formal letters.

Q.3 Answer the following.
(a) Who wanted to practise on the playground?

(b) Why did they need permission?

(c) Who helped them write the letter?

Q.4 Match the letter parts.

Q.5 Formal letter requesting dance practice.

Q.6 Informal letter about a school picnic.

🧩 Activity Model

Identify Letter Parts

Use different colours to mark: sender’s address, date, receiver’s address, subject, salutation, body and closing.

🎨 Project Model

My Letter Writing File

Formal letters: Permission for practice; Request for leave.

Informal letters: Birthday invitation; School picnic.

Add a page explaining the difference between formal and informal letters.

❓ Extra Q&A

1. Why are formal letters written?

2. What tone should a formal letter use?

3. Why is the subject important?

4. Who granted permission?

5. Why did students want extra practice?

6. What happened after regular practice?

7. To whom do we usually write informal letters?

8. What skill does the lesson teach?

Complete Lesson Summary • Exercise Q&A • Activity Model • Project Model • Extra Q&A

📘 Lesson Summary

The textbook presents Ahilyabai Holkar as a kind, strong and courageous ruler who worked for public welfare and equality.

Key Details

• Born: 31 May 1725.
• Birthplace: Choundi village, Maharashtra.
• Maiden name: Ahilya Shinde.
• Father: Mankoji Shinde.
• Husband: Khanderao Holkar.
• Later became ruler of the Malwa kingdom and ruled from Indore.

Public Welfare Work

• Built or supported temples, wells, roads and ghats.
• Worked for the welfare of people.
• Treated people equally.
• The lesson mentions restoration of the Kashi Vishwanath Temple.

✍️ Exercise Q&A

Q.2 Answer the following.
(a) Where was Ahilyabai Holkar born?

(b) What was her husband’s name?

(c) Mention her works.

Q.3 Complete the following.
(a) Ahilyabai Holkar was born on ______.

(b) She is called Lokmata because ______.

Q.4 Write her qualities.

Q.5 Syllable activity.

Q.6 Collect pictures of benevolent rulers.

Q.7 Hidden words – model examples.

Q.8 Short speech.

🧩 Activity Model

Good Leader Word Web

Write around GOOD LEADER: Kind, Fair, Courageous, Helpful, Responsible, Hard-working and Caring.

🎨 Project Model

Lokmata Ahilyabai Holkar

• Name
• Birth date
• Birthplace
• Family
• Kingdom
• Public welfare work
• Leadership qualities
• Message for students

Conclusion: Leadership becomes meaningful when it is used to serve people.

❓ Extra Q&A

1. What was Ahilyabai’s maiden name?

2. Who was her father?

3. Which kingdom did she rule?

4. From where did she rule?

5. How did she treat people?

6. Name two public works mentioned.

7. What title is associated with her?

8. What qualities can students learn from her?

Complete Lesson Summary • Exercise Q&A • Activity Model • Project Model • Extra Q&A

📘 Lesson Summary

The poem teaches equality by showing men and women in different professions and household roles. A man can be a chef, a woman can be a pilot, and family responsibilities can be shared by everyone.

What the Poem Teaches

• Jobs should not be limited by gender stereotypes.
• People should be encouraged according to interest, ability, skill and effort.
• Household work is everyone’s responsibility.
• Respect and equal opportunity help people excel.

✍️ Exercise Q&A

Q.1 Which occupations can be taken up by men and women?

Q.2 Answer the following.
(a) What work does Dad do at home?

(b) What is the brother helping Mum with?

(c) Where does the lady pilot fly?

(d) What do you learn from the poem?

Q.3
(a) What do the lines about breaking barriers mean?

(b) What barriers is the poet talking about?

Q.4 What kind of job do you like most? Give reasons.

Q.5 Puzzle – model answers.

Q.6 Find opposites – model.

🧩 Activity Model

Occupation Chart

Write the heading: MEN AND WOMEN CAN BOTH BECOME

• Doctors
• Teachers
• Pilots
• Chefs
• Police officers
• Scientists
• Engineers
• Artists

🎨 Project Model

Equal Opportunities

Title: Ability Has No Gender

• Respect every profession.
• Share household responsibilities.
• Encourage everyone’s talents.
• Avoid gender stereotypes.

Conclusion: People should be encouraged to develop their skills and choose work without unfair stereotypes.

❓ Extra Q&A

1. What profession does the man in the poem have?

2. What job does the woman do?

3. Who does the laundry?

4. Who helps dust the furniture?

5. What does “excel” mean?

6. What does “barrier” mean here?

7. What does the poem teach about jobs?

8. What value does the poem teach?

Complete Lesson Summary • Exercise Q&A • Activity Model • Project Model • Extra Q&A

📘 Lesson Summary

The lesson introduces scientist Jayant Vishnu Narlikar and highlights curiosity, reading, mathematics, scientific research and cosmology.

Textbook Details

• Born: 19 July 1938.
• Birthplace: Kolhapur, Maharashtra.
• Father: Vishnu Narlikar, a mathematics professor.
• Mother: Sumati Narlikar, a scholar.
• Studied at Banaras Hindu University and later Cambridge University.
• Main field: Cosmology – study of the universe and how it works.
• The lesson also presents him as a science writer for children.

Awards Mentioned in the Lesson

• Padma Bhushan – 1965.
• Padma Vibhushan – 2004.

✍️ Exercise Q&A

Q.2 Fill in the blanks.
(a) Dr. Jayant Narlikar is a famous Indian ______.

(b) He was born in the year ______.

(c) He received the Padma Vibhushan in ______.

Q.3 What is Dr. Jayant Narlikar famous for?

Q.4 Make a list of scientists honoured with national awards.

Q.5 Does curiosity help us become scientists? How?

Q.6 Design a science storybook cover.

Q.7 Dictionary meanings.

🧩 Activity Model

My Curiosity Questions

1. Why do stars shine?
2. Why does the Moon appear to change shape?
3. How do plants make food?
4. Why does rain fall?
5. How do birds fly?

Choose one question and find a simple answer using a suitable reference source.

🎨 Project Model

My Scientist Profile

Name: Dr. Jayant Narlikar

Birthplace: Kolhapur

Field: Cosmology

Qualities: Curious, hard-working, imaginative and interested in learning.

Message: Ask Questions – Keep Learning.

❓ Extra Q&A

1. Where was Jayant Narlikar born?

2. What did he enjoy as a child?

3. What was he curious about?

4. Where did he study after school?

5. What is cosmology?

6. What other work did he do?

7. What does his life teach students?

8. Why are questions important?

Complete Lesson Summary • Exercise Q&A • Activity Model • Project Model • Extra Q&A

📘 Lesson Summary

A mother goat teaches her kid not to open the door carelessly. A hungry wolf overhears the secret words and tries to imitate the mother. The clever kid notices that the visitor’s knock sounds different because a goat has hard hooves while a wolf has soft paws.

✍️ Exercise Q&A

Q.2 Fill in the blanks.

Q.3 Answer the following.
(a) Who lived in the small cottage?

(b) What did the goat tell her kid before going out?

(c) What did the wolf overhear?

(d) What did the kid ask the visitor to say and do?

Q.4 Think and answer.
(a) What should you do if someone knocks when parents are away?

(b) How did the kid use knowledge from its mother?

(c) Give an example of using sound knowledge for safety.

Q.5 Why do animals make different sounds?

🧩 Activity Model

Identify the Sound

Teacher may use safe sounds such as a bell, clap, whistle, knock or recorded animal call.

Students identify the source and describe it as loud/soft or sharp/dull.

🎨 Project Model

Sounds Around Me

Prepare a table: Sound – Source – Message.

Examples: School bell – change of period; Vehicle horn – warning; Doorbell – visitor; Alarm – attention/warning.

Conclusion: Recognising sounds helps us understand our surroundings and respond safely.

❓ Extra Q&A

1. Who wanted to enter the cottage?

2. Why did the mother goat leave?

3. Was the kid obedient?

4. How did the wolf learn the secret signal?

5. Why did his plan fail?

6. What are hooves?

7. What are paws?

8. What does the lesson teach?

Complete Lesson Summary • Exercise Q&A • Activity Model • Project Model • Extra Q&A

📘 Lesson Summary

This lesson develops creative writing. Students observe pictures, imagine what may have happened, discuss their ideas and write an original story. It also includes a paper-folding activity to create a colourful parrot.

Skills Developed

• Observation
• Imagination
• Discussion
• Creative writing
• Sequencing
• Paper craft/origami

✍️ Exercise Q&A

Q.1 Observe, imagine, discuss and write a story.

Q.2 Prepare the parrot using paper.

🧩 Activity Model

Paper Parrot

1. Start with suitable paper.
2. Follow the side and top folds shown in the lesson.
3. Fold the model in half.
4. Form the beak using the pocket fold.
5. Decorate the completed parrot.

🎨 Project Model

My Bird Origami Collection

• Parrot
• Simple bird
• Other teacher-approved paper bird models

For each model write: bird name, colour, where it lives and one interesting fact.

❓ Extra Q&A

1. What does the lesson develop?

2. What should students do before writing?

3. What is the craft activity?

4. Why are pictures useful for story writing?

5. What should a story have?

6. What is origami?

7. What value can a bird story teach?

8. What is the main message?

Complete Lesson Summary • Exercise Q&A • Activity Model • Project Model • Extra Q&A

📘 Lesson Summary

A businessman wants his lazy son to learn the value of work. At first, the son receives a coin from his mother and does not mind throwing it away. Later, he earns money through physical work and refuses to waste it because he now understands its value.

✍️ Exercise Q&A

Q.2 Answer the following.
(a) Why did the son cry when asked to throw the coin?

(b) What does “hard labour” mean?

Q.3 Complete “I worked hard to ______.”

Q.4 Enact the story.

Q.5 Write a new ending.

Q.6 What if the son refused to work?

🧩 Activity Model

What I Achieved Through Hard Work

Goal: Improve my reading.

What I did: Read for fifteen minutes every day.

Result: I became more fluent and confident.

Feeling: Proud and happy.

🎨 Project Model

My Hard-Work Diary

For seven days record: Day, Task, Effort I Made, What I Learnt and How I Felt.

Conclusion: Consistent effort helps us improve and value our achievements.

❓ Extra Q&A

1. What was the son’s bad habit?

2. Who first gave him a coin?

3. Did he value the first coin?

4. How did he later earn money?

5. Why did he value the earned money?

6. What did the father want to teach?

7. What changed in the son?

8. What is the moral?

Complete Lesson Summary • Exercise Q&A • Activity Model • Project Model • Extra Q&A

📘 Lesson Summary

The poem imagines a garden path as a busy street. Ants are compared to fast taxis and a caterpillar to a slow bus. The poet humorously imagines that bugs must have special vision because they move around without collisions.

✍️ Exercise Q&A

Q.2 Name the insects shown.

Q.3 Frame sentences.

Q.4 Imagine and draw your Bug City.

Q.5 Name two types of vehicles used to describe insects.

Q.6 Write a short paragraph on My Garden.

Q.7 Complete the conversation.

🧩 Activity Model

Insect Observation

Observe insects from a safe distance.

Record: Name, Colour, Size, Movement (Fast/Slow) and Where Seen.

Important: Do not touch or harm insects.

🎨 Project Model

My Bug City

• Roads
• Ant taxis
• Caterpillar buses
• Butterfly aeroplanes
• Insect traffic signals

Write: My Bug City is imaginary. It shows how the poet compares insects with vehicles.

❓ Extra Q&A

1. What does the garden path resemble?

2. What are ants compared with?

3. What is the caterpillar compared with?

4. What is a collision?

5. What does “garden-walk” mean?

6. Why does the poet think bugs have special vision?

7. What should we do in gardens?

8. What is the mood of the poem?

Complete Lesson Summary • Exercise Q&A • Activity Model • Project Model • Extra Q&A

📘 Lesson Summary

The lesson is narrated by a football. It describes rolling, bouncing, being kicked and passed, travelling between goalposts, hearing cheers and visiting schools, stadiums and parks.

Football Facts from the Lesson

• Round and bouncy.
• Made of leather or rubber.
• Filled with air.
• Used in a game played by two teams.
• The sport develops teamwork, discipline and fitness.

✍️ Exercise Q&A

Q.2 Match the pairs and use them in sentences.
Match the pairs.

Use the words in sentences.

Q.3 Describe your day on the playground.

Q.4 What am I?
Riddle: brown and round, found underground.

Riddle: long, green and bitter, growing on a vine.

Riddle: yellow, grows on trees and is liked by monkeys.

Q.5 Tongue twister.

🧩 Activity Model

Teamwork Role Play

• Pass the ball.
• Encourage teammates.
• Follow referee instructions.
• Help a player who falls.
• Accept the result politely.

Message: Play Fair – Play Together.

🎨 Project Model

My Football Fact Sheet

Shape: Round

Material: Leather or rubber, as described in the lesson

Filled with: Air

Used for: Football

Values: Teamwork, discipline, fitness and sportsmanship

❓ Extra Q&A

1. Who tells the story?

2. Where does it wait?

3. What do players do with it?

4. What happens when a goal is scored?

5. What is a referee?

6. What is teamwork?

7. How does football help the body?

8. What values does football teach?

Complete Lesson Summary • Exercise Q&A • Activity Model • Project Model • Extra Q&A

📘 Lesson Summary

The lesson describes Lohagad, a historic hill fort near Lonavala in Maharashtra. It explains the fort’s age, structure, historical importance, Vinchukada and the need for heritage conservation and visitor safety.

Important Details from the Textbook

• Lohagad is more than one thousand years old, according to the lesson.
• Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj conquered the fort in 1648.
• The fort has stone walls, strong gates, water tanks and old caves.
• Vinchukada is a fortified spur shaped like a scorpion’s tail.
• The lesson states that in 2025 Lohagad became part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site under Maratha Military Landscapes.
• Visitors can travel towards Malavli by road or train and then proceed to the fort.

✍️ Exercise Q&A

Q.2 Fill in the blanks.
(a) Lohagad Fort is located near ______.

(b) Lohagad is part of the ______ World Heritage Site.

Q.3 Explain how you will reach the fort.

Q.4 Give two reasons Lohagad was important to rulers.

Q.5 How does the structure help protection?

Q.6 Should Lohagad be protected? Give two reasons.

Q.7 What does UNESCO stand for?

Q.8 Name important forts in Maharashtra.

Q.9 Describe Lohagad.

News Q.1 Which organisation installed railings?

News Q.2 What elevation is mentioned?

News Q.3 Why were railings repaired?

News Q.4 What is Vinchukada?

News Q.5 Why are some areas restricted?

🧩 Activity Model

Safety Rules for Fort Visitors

1. Do not cross safety railings.
2. Stay on permitted paths.
3. Do not climb dangerous edges.
4. Do not damage walls or structures.
5. Do not litter.
6. Follow instructions from authorities.

🎨 Project Model

Our Heritage, Our Pride

Title: Protect Lohagad

• Draw the fort.
• Show Vinchukada and Sahyadri hills.
• Show strong gates and walls.
• Write two points about historical importance.

Slogan: Protect Our Heritage – Preserve Our History.

❓ Extra Q&A

1. Where is Lohagad Fort?

2. Who conquered it in 1648 according to the lesson?

3. What is Vinchukada?

4. Name two fort features.

5. What organisation is mentioned in the safety report?

6. Why are railings needed?

7. Why should forts be conserved?

8. What is the main message?

Complete Lesson Summary • Exercise Q&A • Activity Model • Project Model • Extra Q&A

📘 Lesson Summary

This lesson contains a folktale about two brothers, Hans and Erik, and a magical grinding mill. Hans is poor but generous and helpful. Erik is wealthy but greedy and jealous. Hans receives the mill as a reward for helping an old man, uses it carefully and shares with others. Erik steals it, asks for salt and does not know how to stop it, causing disaster in the folktale.

Folktale and Science

• The folktale imagines that the magical mill continues producing salt at the bottom of the sea.
• The textbook then clearly explains the scientific reason: rivers carry dissolved minerals, including sodium and chloride, from rocks into oceans over long periods.
• Sea salt can be harvested by collecting seawater in shallow salt pans and allowing water to evaporate in sunlight.

✍️ Exercise Q&A

Q.2 Let’s think and answer.
(a) Where did Hans and Erik live?

(b) What did Hans do for the old man?

(c) What did Hans need to do to use the mill?

(d) What happened when Hans used the mill?

(e) What went wrong when Erik used it?

(f) Where is the mill according to the folktale?

Q.3 Compare the brothers.

Q.4 Identify simple past tense forms.

Q.5 Think and give reasons.
(a) Why did the old man give Hans the mill?

(b) Why could Erik not stop the mill?

(c) Why can greed cause problems?

Q.6 Find words meaning “stop”.

Q.7 Use phrases in sentences.

Q.8 Complete the diary with action words.

Q.9 Imagine a magical object.

What is the real scientific reason seawater is salty?

How is sea salt harvested?

🧩 Activity Model

Folktale vs Fact

FOLKTALE: A magic mill at the bottom of the sea produces salt.

SCIENCE: Minerals carried by rivers accumulate in oceans over long periods.

Conclusion: Stories can be imaginative, while scientific explanations are based on natural processes and evidence.

🎨 Project Model

How Sea Salt Is Obtained

Sea Water → Salt Pans → Sunlight and Evaporation → Salt Crystals → Collection → Cleaning and Processing

Conclusion: Solar heat evaporates water, leaving salt crystals behind.

❓ Extra Q&A

1. Who were the two brothers?

2. Which brother was generous?

3. Which brother was greedy?

4. Why did the old man reward Hans?

5. What was the magical object?

6. Why did Erik take the mill?

7. What mistake did Erik make?

8. What does the folktale say about the sea?

9. What is the scientific explanation?

10. What is the moral?

Complete Lesson Summary • Exercise Q&A • Activity Model • Project Model • Extra Q&A

📘 Lesson Summary

The story is set in Chinchpada, a village in Palghar where Warli people live near a green forest. It describes village occupations, nature and the traditional skill of bamboo basket weaving.

Chimiaaya’s Craft

• She cuts bamboo strips.
• She smooths the strips carefully.
• She weaves them up and down, in and out.
• She makes strong and beautiful baskets of different sizes.

Uses of Baskets

• Rangu – carrying fruits and vegetables.
• Neema – keeping bhakaris fresh.
• Devu – protecting hens.
• Sukari – storing rice.
• Pammi and Neelu – collecting flowers.
• Chinnu – giving kittens a soft resting place.
• Shinubaba – carrying fish.
• Chimiaaya – keeping money safe.

Warli Art

• Warli painting is presented as a traditional art form.
• Students are encouraged to use simple circles, triangles and lines to show daily life.

✍️ Exercise Q&A

Q.1 Compare your village or city with the picture.

Q.3 Find out from the story.
Find names of people from the story.

Find uses of baskets.

Find names of trees.

Q.4 Complete with correct verb forms.

Q.5 Warli Art – model description.

🧩 Activity Model

Basket Use Table

Rangu – Fruits and vegetables

Neema – Bhakaris

Devu – Hens

Sukari – Rice

Pammi and Neelu – Flowers

Chinnu – Kittens

Shinubaba – Fish

Chimiaaya – Money

🎨 Project Model

Class Warli Art Book

Each student prepares one Warli-style drawing on a theme such as My Home, My School, Farming, Village Life, Festival or Nature.

Use simple circles, triangles and lines.

Add student name, picture title and 3–4 sentences.

Compile all drawings into OUR CLASS WARLI ART BOOK.

❓ Extra Q&A

1. Where is Chinchpada?

2. Which community lives there?

3. What does Chimiaaya make?

4. What material does she use?

5. Who grows rice?

6. Who goes fishing?

7. Why does Sukari need baskets?

8. What is Warli painting?

9. What shapes can students use in Warli-style art?

10. What does the story teach?